Climatch
For growers

What can I grow in Riobamba?

🇪🇨Riobamba, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador

Riobamba is in hardiness zone 10b, almost never frosts, and gets about 241 chill hours a winter and 21 in (539 mm) of rain a year. Best fits: blueberry, peach, apple, canola (rapeseed) and wheat.

Find land with a climate like Riobamba →
Hardiness zone
Zone 10b
Coldest night 38°F (3°C)
Frost season
Frost-free
Frost is very rare
Frost-safe planting
Any time
No spring frost 9 years in 10
Winter chill
241 hours
31 chill portions
Summer heat
2,704 °F·days(1,502 °C·days)
Degree days above 50°F (10°C)
Hot days
0 days
Above 95°F (35°C) a year
Rain
21 in(539 mm)
Per year
Dry season
1 month
Months with rain under 2× the average °C

Great fits (80+)

  1. 100%fit

    Blueberry

    Best variety: Southern highbush (Emerald, Star)

    Fruit · Perennial

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 22 portions · Ideal: at least 15 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least 14°F (-10°C)

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 365 days · Ideal: at least 140 days

    • Days above 95°F (35°C)100

      Here: 0 days · Ideal: at most 50 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 30–59 in (750–1,500 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Needs acidic soil (pH 4.5–5.5), which climate can't tell us. Shallow roots: irrigate in dry spells.

    Vaccinium corymbosum / V. virgatum. Sources: Retamales & Hancock, Blueberries (CABI, 2nd ed.); NC State Extension: blueberry chill requirements. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  2. 100%fit

    Peach

    Best variety: Low-chill (Florida and subtropical types)

    Fruit · Perennial

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 22 portions · Ideal: at least 10 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least 18°F (-8°C)

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 365 days · Ideal: at least 170 days

    • Degree days above 50°F (10°C)100

      Here: 2,704 °F·days (1,502 °C·days) · Ideal: at least 2,340 °F·days (1,300 °C·days)

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 24–47 in (600–1,200 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Flower buds are killed around −23 °C in midwinter and by frost after bloom.

    Prunus persica. Sources: Fadón et al. 2020, Chilling and heat requirements of temperate stone fruit trees (Prunus sp.) (Agronomy); FAO ECOCROP: Prunus persica. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  3. 100%fit

    Apple

    Best variety: Low-chill (Anna, Dorsett Golden)

    Fruit · Perennial

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 22 portions · Ideal: at least 12 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least -4°F (-20°C)

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 365 days · Ideal: at least 140 days

    • Degree days above 50°F (10°C)100

      Here: 2,704 °F·days (1,502 °C·days) · Ideal: at least 1,800 °F·days (1,000 °C·days)

    • Days above 95°F (35°C)100

      Here: 0 days · Ideal: at most 30 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 26–51 in (650–1,300 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Rootstock and variety set cold hardiness; the hardiest survive zone 3. Hot summers hurt colour and cause sunburn.

    Malus domestica. Sources: Luedeling 2012, Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review (Scientia Horticulturae); FAO ECOCROP: Malus domestica. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  4. 100%fit

    Canola (rapeseed)

    Spring canola

    Oilseed · Annual · Plant in January

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 58°F (14°C) · Ideal: 54–70°F (12–21°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 47°F (9°C) · Ideal: at least 32°F (0°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 8.1 in (207 mm) · Ideal: 9.8–22 in (250–550 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Heat over ~30 °C at flowering cuts yield; a cool-season crop in warm climates.

    Brassica napus. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Brassica napus; Canola Council of Canada: Canola Encyclopedia. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  5. 100%fit

    Wheat

    Spring wheat

    Grain · Annual · Plant in January

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 58°F (14°C) · Ideal: 54–72°F (12–22°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 47°F (9°C) · Ideal: at least 32°F (0°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 8.1 in (207 mm) · Ideal: 9.8–24 in (250–600 mm) · covered by irrigation

    In mild-winter climates spring wheat is sown in autumn and grows through the cool season.

    Triticum aestivum. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Triticum aestivum; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33 (Doorenbos & Kassam 1979). Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  6. 100%fit

    Potato

    Root crop · Annual · Plant in January

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Needs irrigation · 58 withoutSee it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 58°F (14°C) · Ideal: 55–68°F (13–20°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 47°F (9°C) · Ideal: at least 37°F (3°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 8.1 in (207 mm) · Ideal: 14–28 in (350–700 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Tubers form best with cool nights; above ~25 °C tuber growth stalls. In the tropics it's a highland or cool-season crop.

    Solanum tuberosum. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Solanum tuberosum; FAO Crop Water Information: potato. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  7. 100%fit

    Barley

    Grain · Annual · Plant in January

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 58°F (14°C) · Ideal: 52–68°F (11–20°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 47°F (9°C) · Ideal: at least 32°F (0°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 8.1 in (207 mm) · Ideal: 7.9–20 in (200–500 mm)

    The most cold- and drought-tolerant small grain; malting barley wants a cool, dry finish.

    Hordeum vulgare. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Hordeum vulgare; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33 (Doorenbos & Kassam 1979). Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  8. 100%fit

    Strawberry

    Fruit · Annual · Plant in January

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 58°F (14°C) · Ideal: 57–75°F (14–24°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 47°F (9°C) · Ideal: at least 37°F (3°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 5.8 in (148 mm) · Ideal: 5.9–18 in (150–450 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Grown as a short-season crop in most commercial systems; day-neutral types fruit through summer.

    Fragaria × ananassa. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Fragaria × ananassa; UC ANR: Strawberry production. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  9. 92%fit

    Wine grapes

    Best variety: Cool-climate (Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Riesling)

    Fruit · Perennial

    Holding it back: Too cool to ripen: 1,741 °F·days (967 °C·days) here, ideal 1,800–2,610 °F·days (1,000–1,450 °C·days)

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Winkler index (Apr–Oct degree days)78

      Here: 1,741 °F·days (967 °C·days) · Ideal: 1,800–2,610 °F·days (1,000–1,450 °C·days)

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least 0°F (-18°C)

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 365 days · Ideal: at least 180 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 16–35 in (400–900 mm)

    Winkler regions: I < 1389, II 1389–1667, III 1667–1944, IV 1944–2222, V > 2222 °C·days (Apr–Oct, base 10 °C). Wet summers mean mildew pressure.

    Vitis vinifera. Sources: Amerine & Winkler 1944, Composition and quality of musts and wines of California grapes (Hilgardia); Jones et al. 2010, Spatial analysis of climate in winegrape growing regions in the western United States (American Journal of Enology and Viticulture). Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  10. 91%fit

    Tea

    China type (var. sinensis)

    Beverage · Perennial

    Holding it back: Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 61–77°F (16–25°C)

    Needs irrigation · 0 withoutSee it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Average temperature53

      Here: 57°F (14°C) · Ideal: 61–77°F (16–25°C)

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least 14°F (-10°C)

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 59–118 in (1,500–3,000 mm) · covered by irrigation

    • Dry-season length100

      Here: 1 month · Ideal: at most 2 months

    • Days above 95°F (35°C)100

      Here: 0 days · Ideal: at most 10 days

    Needs acidic soil and steady rain; the finest teas come from cool highlands.

    Camellia sinensis. Sources: Carr 1972, The climatic requirements of the tea plant: a review (Experimental Agriculture); FAO ECOCROP: Camellia sinensis. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  11. 82%fit

    Avocado

    Hass (Guatemalan × Mexican)

    Fruit · Perennial

    Holding it back: Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 61–75°F (16–24°C)

    Needs irrigation · 61 withoutSee it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least 32°F (0°C)

    • Average temperature37

      Here: 57°F (14°C) · Ideal: 61–75°F (16–24°C)

    • Days above 95°F (35°C)100

      Here: 0 days · Ideal: at most 10 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 39–71 in (1,000–1,800 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Most commercial orchards are irrigated. Needs free-draining soil; root rot in waterlogged ground. Hot dry winds at flowering cut fruit set.

    Persea americana. Sources: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources: avocado production guidance; FAO ECOCROP: Persea americana. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  12. 80%fit

    Cherry

    Best variety: Low-chill sweet (Minnie Royal, Royal Lee)

    Fruit · Perennial

    Holding it back: Not enough winter chill: 22 portions here, ideal at least 28 portions

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)40

      Here: 22 portions · Ideal: at least 28 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least 0°F (-18°C)

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 365 days · Ideal: at least 150 days

    • Degree days above 50°F (10°C)100

      Here: 2,704 °F·days (1,502 °C·days) · Ideal: at least 1,440 °F·days (800 °C·days)

    • Days above 95°F (35°C)100

      Here: 0 days · Ideal: at most 40 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 20–39 in (500–1,000 mm)

    Rain near harvest splits sweet cherries. Spring frosts at bloom are the main yield risk.

    Prunus avium / P. cerasus. Sources: Fadón et al. 2020, Chilling and heat requirements of temperate stone fruit trees (Prunus sp.) (Agronomy); FAO ECOCROP: Prunus avium. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

Worth a try (50–79)

  1. 72%fit

    Almond

    Nut · Perennial

    Holding it back: Not enough summer heat: 2,704 °F·days (1,502 °C·days) here, ideal at least 3,420 °F·days (1,900 °C·days)

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)70

      Here: 22 portions · Ideal: at least 25 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least 9°F (-13°C)

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 365 days · Ideal: at least 210 days

    • Degree days above 50°F (10°C)20

      Here: 2,704 °F·days (1,502 °C·days) · Ideal: at least 3,420 °F·days (1,900 °C·days)

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 16–35 in (400–900 mm)

    Blooms in late winter, so spring frosts are the main risk. Humid springs bring disease. Mostly irrigated.

    Prunus dulcis. Sources: Fadón et al. 2020, Chilling and heat requirements of temperate stone fruit trees (Prunus sp.) (Agronomy); UC ANR: Almond Production Manual. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  2. 69%fit

    Lavender

    English lavender (L. angustifolia)

    Herb · Perennial

    Holding it back: Summers too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 63–79°F (17–26°C)

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least -11°F (-24°C)

    • Warmest-month average23

      Here: 58°F (15°C) · Ideal: 63–79°F (17–26°C)

    • Coldest-month average46

      Here: 56°F (13°C) · Ideal: at most 50°F (10°C)

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 365 days · Ideal: at least 120 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 14–33 in (350–850 mm)

    Dislikes wet winters and humid summers more than cold. Needs sharp drainage.

    Lavandula angustifolia / L. × intermedia. Sources: University extension lavender production guides (e.g. Oregon State, Washington State); FAO ECOCROP: Lavandula angustifolia. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  3. 67%fit

    Maize (corn)

    Grain · Annual · Plant in February

    Holding it back: Growing season too cool: 58°F (14°C) here, ideal 64–86°F (18–30°C)

    Needs irrigation · 40 withoutSee it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average40

      Here: 58°F (14°C) · Ideal: 64–86°F (18–30°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)80

      Here: 48°F (9°C) · Ideal: at least 50°F (10°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 8.5 in (216 mm) · Ideal: 16–35 in (400–900 mm) · covered by irrigation

    • Degree days above 50°F (10°C)100

      Here: 2,704 °F·days (1,502 °C·days) · Ideal: at least 1,980 °F·days (1,100 °C·days)

    Hybrids are matched to season length by relative maturity. Heat over ~35 °C at silking hurts pollination.

    Zea mays. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Zea mays; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33 (Doorenbos & Kassam 1979, Yield response to water). Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  4. 65%fit

    Sunflower

    Oilseed · Annual · Plant in November

    Holding it back: Growing season too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 64–82°F (18–28°C)

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average43

      Here: 58°F (15°C) · Ideal: 64–82°F (18–28°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 47°F (8°C) · Ideal: at least 43°F (6°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 7.0 in (177 mm) · Ideal: 12–28 in (300–700 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Deep roots make it fairly drought tolerant.

    Helianthus annuus. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Helianthus annuus; FAO Crop Water Information: sunflower. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  5. 64%fit

    Garlic

    Best variety: Softneck (California Early, Silverskin)

    Vegetable · Annual

    Holding it back: Summers too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 64–82°F (18–28°C)

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Coldest-month average79

      Here: 56°F (13°C) · Ideal: at most 54°F (12°C)

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 38°F (3°C) · Ideal: at least 5°F (-15°C)

    • Warmest-month average17

      Here: 58°F (15°C) · Ideal: 64–82°F (18–28°C)

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 21 in (539 mm) · Ideal: 16–39 in (400–1,000 mm)

    Planted in autumn and harvested in early summer; cloves need weeks below ~10 °C to form bulbs (hardnecks more than softnecks).

    Allium sativum. Sources: UC ANR: Garlic production in California; FAO ECOCROP: Allium sativum. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  6. 50%fit

    Tomato

    Vegetable · Annual · Plant in November

    Holding it back: Growing season too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 64–81°F (18–27°C)

    See it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average31

      Here: 58°F (15°C) · Ideal: 64–81°F (18–27°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)64

      Here: 47°F (8°C) · Ideal: at least 50°F (10°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 7.0 in (177 mm) · Ideal: 9.8–24 in (250–600 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Fruit set fails when nights drop below ~10 °C or days top ~35 °C. Wet seasons bring blight.

    Solanum lycopersicum. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Solanum lycopersicum; FAO Crop Water Information: tomato. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

Long shots (2)▸
  1. 43%fit

    Soybean

    Oilseed · Annual · Plant in November

    Holding it back: Growing season too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 68–86°F (20–30°C)

    Needs irrigation · 0 withoutSee it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average22

      Here: 58°F (15°C) · Ideal: 68–86°F (20–30°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)70

      Here: 47°F (8°C) · Ideal: at least 50°F (10°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 7.0 in (177 mm) · Ideal: 18–35 in (450–900 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Maturity groups are matched to latitude because flowering is triggered by shortening days.

    Glycine max. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Glycine max; FAO Crop Water Information: soybean. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

  2. 38%fit

    Hemp

    Best variety: Autoflowering

    Fiber · Annual · Plant in October

    Holding it back: Growing season too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 64–82°F (18–28°C)

    Needs irrigation · 0 withoutSee it on the chartWhere else it grows
    Why this score ▸
    • Growing-season average15

      Here: 58°F (15°C) · Ideal: 64–82°F (18–28°C)

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 47°F (8°C) · Ideal: at least 41°F (5°C)

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 5.8 in (148 mm) · Ideal: 14–28 in (350–700 mm) · covered by irrigation

    Grain and fibre cultivars bred at high latitudes flower too early under the short days of the tropics. Licensing rules vary by country. Autoflowering: Day-neutral: flowers on age, not day length, so it suits low latitudes and short seasons.

    Cannabis sativa. Sources: Amaducci et al. 2015, Key cultivation techniques for hemp in Europe and China (Industrial Crops and Products); FAO ECOCROP: Cannabis sativa. Ranges not yet reviewed by an agronomist.

Won't grow here (22)▸
  • Banana: Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 72–86°F (22–30°C)
  • Cacao: Winters too cold: 56°F (13°C) here, ideal at least 68°F (20°C)
  • Cassava: Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 72–86°F (22–30°C)
  • Citrus: Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 64–82°F (18–28°C)
  • Coffee (arabica): Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 64–72°F (18–22°C)
  • Cotton: Growing season too cool: 58°F (14°C) here, ideal 72–90°F (22–32°C)
  • Date palm: Summers too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 88–104°F (31–40°C)
  • Fig: Summers too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 72–90°F (22–32°C)
  • Hops: Summer days too short: 12.2 h here, ideal at least 15.0 h
  • Kiwifruit: Not enough winter chill: 22 portions here, ideal at least 42 portions
  • Macadamia: Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 64–77°F (18–25°C)
  • Mango: Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 73–86°F (23–30°C)
  • Olive: Summers too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 73–86°F (23–30°C)
  • Peanut: Growing season too cool: 58°F (14°C) here, ideal 72–86°F (22–30°C)
  • Pear: Not enough winter chill: 22 portions here, ideal at least 60 portions
  • Pecan: Not enough summer heat: 2,704 °F·days (1,502 °C·days) here, ideal at least 4,320 °F·days (2,400 °C·days)
  • Pistachio: Not enough winter chill: 22 portions here, ideal at least 58 portions
  • Rice: Growing season too cool: 58°F (14°C) here, ideal 72–88°F (22–31°C)
  • Saffron: Summers too cool: 58°F (15°C) here, ideal 68–82°F (20–28°C)
  • Sorghum: Growing season too cool: 58°F (14°C) here, ideal 72–91°F (22–33°C)
  • Sugarcane: Too cool overall: 57°F (14°C) here, ideal 72–86°F (22–30°C)
  • Walnut: Not enough winter chill: 22 portions here, ideal at least 45 portions

Climate vs. crop needs

Temperature (°F)

HighLow

20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASONDHigh Jan: 68°High Feb: 69°High Mar: 68°High Apr: 68°High May: 68°High Jun: 66°High Jul: 66°High Aug: 67°High Sep: 68°High Oct: 69°High Nov: 70°High Dec: 70°Low Jan: 47°Low Feb: 48°Low Mar: 48°Low Apr: 48°Low May: 48°Low Jun: 46°Low Jul: 46°Low Aug: 45°Low Sep: 45°Low Oct: 47°Low Nov: 47°Low Dec: 47°Coldest night here: 38°

Rain (in per month)

 

0123JFMAMJJASONDRain Jan: 1.3Rain Feb: 1.9Rain Mar: 2.6Rain Apr: 2.3Rain May: 1.6Rain Jun: 2.0Rain Jul: 1.2Rain Aug: 1.0Rain Sep: 1.4Rain Oct: 2.1Rain Nov: 2.1Rain Dec: 1.6
  • Coldest night it survives: 5°F (well below the chart)
  • Coldest night here: 38°F
  • Ideal rain a year: 30–59 in. Here: 21 in, so plan on irrigation.

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How these scores work

Each crop has an ideal range and hard limits for things like winter cold, chill hours, summer heat and rain. A score of 100 means everything is in range; one hard limit crossed means 0. Annual crops are scored over their best growing season, which sets the planting month. Scores assume irrigation where rain falls short, and flag crops that need it.

Climate comes from 1991–2020 monthly averages for the 4 km climate cell around the town. Frost dates, chill and hardiness zones are estimated from those averages by simulating daily weather, so check them against local records. Soil, slope and water rights matter as much as climate. Crop ranges come from FAO ECOCROP and university extension guides and haven't been reviewed by an agronomist yet.

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