Climatch

What can I grow in Osmaniye?

🇹🇷Osmaniye, Turkey

Osmaniye is in hardiness zone 9b, has about 341 frost-free days a year, and gets at least 341 chill hours in 9 winters out of 10 and 32 in of rain a year. Best fits: wheat, canola (rapeseed), barley, pecan and fig.Osmaniye is in hardiness zone 9b, has about 341 frost-free days a year, and gets at least 341 chill hours in 9 winters out of 10 and 816 mm of rain a year. Best fits: wheat, canola (rapeseed), barley, pecan and fig.

Find land with a climate like Osmaniye →
Hardiness zone
Zone 9b
Coldest night 28°FColdest night -2°C
Frost season
Jan 25 – Jan 6
Last and first frost; 341 frost-free days
Frost-safe planting
After Feb 23
Past the last frost 9 years in 10
Winter chill
341 hours
43 chill portions, 9 winters in 10
Enough for kiwifruit and peaches; short of what walnuts and blueberries need.
Summer heat
6,889 °F·days3,827 °C·days
Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C
Enough heat to ripen even pistachios and pecans.
Hot days
42 days
Above 95°F a yearAbove 35°C a year
Rain
32 in816 mm
Per year
Dry season
4 months
Months where rain can't keep up with the heat
A long dry season: drought-hardy crops cope, most others need watering through it.

Rain only, no watering. Shown by default because Osmaniye gets over 20 in500 mm of rain a year.

Great fits (80+) 24

  1. Wheat

    Spring wheat

    100Ideal

    Plant in Feb

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Grain · Annual · Plant in February

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 10 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 62°F · Ideal: 54–72°FHere: 17°C · Ideal: 12–22°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 45°F · Ideal: at least 32°FHere: 7°C · Ideal: at least 0°C

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 13 in · Ideal: 9.8–24 inHere: 340 mm · Ideal: 250–600 mm

    In mild-winter climates spring wheat is sown in autumn and grows through the cool season.

    Triticum aestivum. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Triticum aestivum; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33 (Doorenbos & Kassam 1979).

    Where else wheat grows →

  2. Canola (rapeseed)

    Spring canola

    100Ideal

    Plant in Feb

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Oilseed · Annual · Plant in February

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 10 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 62°F · Ideal: 54–70°FHere: 17°C · Ideal: 12–21°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 45°F · Ideal: at least 32°FHere: 7°C · Ideal: at least 0°C

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 13 in · Ideal: 9.8–22 inHere: 340 mm · Ideal: 250–550 mm

    Heat over ~86 °F at flowering cuts yield; a cool-season crop in warm climates.Heat over ~30 °C at flowering cuts yield; a cool-season crop in warm climates.

    Brassica napus. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Brassica napus; Canola Council of Canada: Canola Encyclopedia.

    Where else canola (rapeseed) grows →

  3. Barley

    100Ideal

    Plant in Feb

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Grain · Annual · Plant in February

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 10 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 62°F · Ideal: 52–68°FHere: 17°C · Ideal: 11–20°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 45°F · Ideal: at least 32°FHere: 7°C · Ideal: at least 0°C

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 13 in · Ideal: 7.9–20 inHere: 340 mm · Ideal: 200–500 mm

    The most cold- and drought-tolerant small grain; malting barley wants a cool, dry finish.

    Hordeum vulgare. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Hordeum vulgare; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33 (Doorenbos & Kassam 1979).

    Where else barley grows →

  4. Pecan

    100Good fit

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Nut · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: at least 30 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 0°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -18°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 210 days

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 4,320 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 2,400 °C·days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 30–59 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 750–1,500 mm

    Needs a long, hot season to fill the nuts.

    Carya illinoinensis. Sources: Wells 2017, Pecan: America's Native Nut Tree (University of Alabama Press); FAO ECOCROP: Carya illinoinensis.

    Where else pecan grows →

  5. Fig

    100Good fit

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 18°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -8°C

    • Warmest-month average100

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 72–90°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 22–32°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 200 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 20–39 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 500–1,000 mm

    Tops die back around 14 °F but roots often regrow. Rain at ripening splits fruit. Rain-fed orchards need a wet winter; in dry places figs are irrigated.Tops die back around −10 °C but roots often regrow. Rain at ripening splits fruit. Rain-fed orchards need a wet winter; in dry places figs are irrigated.

    Ficus carica. Sources: UC ANR: Fig production; FAO ECOCROP: Ficus carica.

    Where else fig grows →

  6. Peach

    Standard-chill (Redhaven, Elberta)

    100Good fit

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: at least 40 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least -6°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -21°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 170 days

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 2,340 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 1,300 °C·days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 24–47 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 600–1,200 mm

    Flower buds are killed around −9 °F in midwinter and by frost after bloom.Flower buds are killed around −23 °C in midwinter and by frost after bloom.

    Prunus persica. Sources: Fadón et al. 2020, Chilling and heat requirements of temperate stone fruit trees (Prunus sp.) (Agronomy); FAO ECOCROP: Prunus persica.

    Where else peach grows →

  7. Pear

    Asian pear (Hosui, Shinseiki)

    100Good fit

    Best variety: Asian pear (Hosui, Shinseiki)

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: at least 40 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least -11°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -24°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 150 days

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 1,800 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 1,000 °C·days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 24–47 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 600–1,200 mm

    Warm, humid springs raise fire blight risk.

    Pyrus communis / P. pyrifolia. Sources: Luedeling 2012, Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review (Scientia Horticulturae); FAO ECOCROP: Pyrus communis.

    Where else pear grows →

  8. Almond

    100Good fit

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Nut · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: at least 25 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 9°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -13°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 210 days

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 3,420 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 1,900 °C·days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 22–35 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 550–900 mm

    Blooms in late winter, so spring frosts are the main risk. Humid springs bring disease. Mostly irrigated.

    Prunus dulcis. Sources: Fadón et al. 2020, Chilling and heat requirements of temperate stone fruit trees (Prunus sp.) (Agronomy); UC ANR: Almond Production Manual; Steduto, Hsiao, Fereres & Raes 2012, Crop yield response to water (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 66).

    Where else almond grows →

  9. Strawberry

    100Good fit

    Plant in Feb

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Fruit · Annual · Plant in February

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 10 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 59°F · Ideal: 57–75°FHere: 15°C · Ideal: 14–24°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 45°F · Ideal: at least 37°FHere: 7°C · Ideal: at least 3°C

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 11 in · Ideal: 5.9–18 inHere: 276 mm · Ideal: 150–450 mm

    Grown as a short-season crop in most commercial systems; day-neutral types fruit through summer.

    Fragaria × ananassa. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Fragaria × ananassa; UC ANR: Strawberry production.

    Where else strawberry grows →

  10. Potato

    100Good fit

    Plant in Oct

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Root crop · Annual · Plant in October

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 10 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 60°F · Ideal: 55–68°FHere: 16°C · Ideal: 13–20°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 44°F · Ideal: at least 37°FHere: 6°C · Ideal: at least 3°C

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 14 in · Ideal: 14–28 inHere: 368 mm · Ideal: 350–700 mm

    Tubers form best with cool nights; above ~77 °F tuber growth stalls. In the tropics it's a highland or cool-season crop.Tubers form best with cool nights; above ~25 °C tuber growth stalls. In the tropics it's a highland or cool-season crop.

    Solanum tuberosum. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Solanum tuberosum; FAO Crop Water Information: potato.

    Where else potato grows →

  11. Blueberry

    Southern highbush (Emerald, Star)

    100Good fit

    Best variety: Southern highbush (Emerald, Star). Also close: Rabbiteye (Tifblue, Powderblue) (100)

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: 15–55 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 14°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -10°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 140 days

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C100

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 50 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 30–59 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 750–1,500 mm

    Needs acidic soil (pH 4.5–5.5), which climate can't tell us. Shallow roots: irrigate in dry spells.

    Vaccinium corymbosum / V. virgatum. Sources: Retamales & Hancock, Blueberries (CABI, 2nd ed.); NC State Extension: blueberry chill requirements.

    Where else blueberry grows →

  12. Cherry

    Low-chill sweet (Minnie Royal, Royal Lee)

    100Good fit

    Too many heat-stress days

    Best variety: Low-chill sweet (Minnie Royal, Royal Lee)

    Holding it back: Too many heat-stress days: 42 days here, ideal at most 40 days

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: 28–50 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 0°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -18°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 150 days

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 1,440 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 800 °C·days

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C97

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 40 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 20–39 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 500–1,000 mm

    Rain near harvest splits sweet cherries. Spring frosts at bloom are the main yield risk.

    Prunus avium / P. cerasus. Sources: Fadón et al. 2020, Chilling and heat requirements of temperate stone fruit trees (Prunus sp.) (Agronomy); FAO ECOCROP: Prunus avium.

    Where else cherry grows →

  13. Olive

    100Good fit

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 18°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -8°C

    • Chill hours (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 341 hours · Ideal: at least 300 hours

    • Warmest-month average100

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 73–86°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 23–30°C

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 3,240 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 1,800 °C·days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 20–35 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 500–900 mm

    Needs a mild winter chill to flower well, and long warm summers to ripen. Humid summers bring olive knot and peacock spot.

    Olea europaea. Sources: Connor & Fereres 2005, The physiology of adaptation and yield expression in olive (Horticultural Reviews); FAO ECOCROP: Olea europaea; Steduto, Hsiao, Fereres & Raes 2012, Crop yield response to water (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 66).

    Where else olive grows →

  14. Tomato

    100Good fit

    Plant in Mar

    Every requirement is in its ideal range.

    Vegetable · Annual · Plant in March

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 6 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 69°F · Ideal: 64–81°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 18–27°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at least 50°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at least 10°C

    • Growing-season rain100

      Here: 11 in · Ideal: 9.8–24 inHere: 268 mm · Ideal: 250–600 mm

    Fruit set fails when nights drop below ~50 °F or days top ~95 °F. Wet seasons bring blight.Fruit set fails when nights drop below ~10 °C or days top ~35 °C. Wet seasons bring blight.

    Solanum lycopersicum. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Solanum lycopersicum; FAO Crop Water Information: tomato.

    Where else tomato grows →

  15. Citrus

    Satsuma mandarin (cold-hardy)

    98Good fit

    Too dry

    Best variety: Satsuma mandarin (cold-hardy)

    Holding it back: Too dry: 32 in here, ideal 35–79 inToo dry: 816 mm here, ideal 900–2,000 mm

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 19°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -7°C

    • Average temperature100

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 61–75°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 16–24°C

    • Warmest-month average100

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 73–86°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 23–30°C

    • Yearly rain86

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 35–79 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 900–2,000 mm

    Freezes are the deciding risk: a few hours below 27 °F damage fruit and young trees. Our cold-snap estimate is weakest in subtropical climates.Freezes are the deciding risk: a few hours below −3 °C damage fruit and young trees. Our cold-snap estimate is weakest in subtropical climates.

    Citrus spp.. Sources: UF/IFAS Extension: citrus cold hardiness; FAO ECOCROP: Citrus sinensis.

    Where else citrus grows →

  16. Hemp

    CBD / photoperiod flower

    98Good fit

    Too dry in the growing season · Plant in Mar

    Best variety: CBD / photoperiod flower

    Holding it back: Too dry in the growing season: 11 in here, ideal 12–26 inToo dry in the growing season: 282 mm here, ideal 300–650 mm

    Fiber · Annual · Plant in March

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 5 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 72°F · Ideal: 64–82°FHere: 22°C · Ideal: 18–28°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at least 46°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at least 8°C

    • Growing-season rain88

      Here: 11 in · Ideal: 12–26 inHere: 282 mm · Ideal: 300–650 mm

    • Longest day100

      Here: 14.7 h · Ideal: at least 14.5 h

    Grain and fibre cultivars bred at high latitudes flower too early under the short days of the tropics. Licensing rules vary by country. CBD / photoperiod flower: Short-day plants: long summer days keep them vegetative, shortening days trigger flowering. Wet, humid autumns cause bud rot.

    Cannabis sativa. Sources: Amaducci et al. 2015, Key cultivation techniques for hemp in Europe and China (Industrial Crops and Products); FAO ECOCROP: Cannabis sativa.

    Where else hemp grows →

  17. Walnut

    96Good fit

    Not enough winter chill

    Holding it back: Not enough winter chill: 43 portions here, ideal at least 45 portions

    Nut · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)85

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: at least 45 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least -8°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -22°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 180 days

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 2,700 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 1,500 °C·days

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C100

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 75 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 26–47 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 650–1,200 mm

    Late-leafing varieties (Chandler) dodge spring frost. Very hot days sunburn the nuts.

    Juglans regia. Sources: Luedeling 2012, Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review (Scientia Horticulturae); UC ANR: Walnut Production Manual.

    Where else walnut grows →

  18. Sunflower

    95Good fit

    Too dry in the growing season · Plant in Mar

    Holding it back: Too dry in the growing season: 11 in here, ideal 12–28 inToo dry in the growing season: 268 mm here, ideal 300–700 mm

    Oilseed · Annual · Plant in March

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 6 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 69°F · Ideal: 64–82°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 18–28°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at least 43°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at least 6°C

    • Growing-season rain79

      Here: 11 in · Ideal: 12–28 inHere: 268 mm · Ideal: 300–700 mm

    Deep roots make it fairly drought tolerant.

    Helianthus annuus. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Helianthus annuus; FAO Crop Water Information: sunflower.

    Where else sunflower grows →

  19. Lavender

    Lavandin (L. × intermedia, Grosso)

    93Good fit

    Summers too hot

    Best variety: Lavandin (L. × intermedia, Grosso)

    Holding it back: Summers too hot: 86°F here, ideal 66–82°FSummers too hot: 30°C here, ideal 19–28°C

    Herb · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 3°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -16°C

    • Warmest-month average60

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 66–82°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 19–28°C

    • Coldest-month average100

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at most 54°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at most 12°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 120 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 18–33 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 450–850 mm

    Dislikes wet winters and humid summers more than cold. Needs sharp drainage.

    Lavandula angustifolia / L. × intermedia. Sources: University extension lavender production guides (e.g. Oregon State, Washington State); FAO ECOCROP: Lavandula angustifolia.

    Where else lavender grows →

  20. Table and raisin grapes

    Seedless table and raisin grapes (Flame, Crimson, Thompson Seedless)

    93Good fit

    Too wet

    Holding it back: Too wet: 32 in here, ideal 20–28 inToo wet: 816 mm here, ideal 500–700 mm

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winkler index (Apr–Oct degree days)100

      Here: 5,890 °F·days · Ideal: 3,600–6,480 °F·daysHere: 3,272 °C·days · Ideal: 2,000–3,600 °C·days

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 10°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -12°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 200 days

    • Yearly rain77

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 20–28 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 500–700 mm

    Want long, hot, dry summers: Winkler region IV–V and beyond, hotter than most wine grapes. Sun-dried raisins need rain-free weeks after harvest; humid late summers bring bunch rot.

    Vitis vinifera. Sources: Christensen (ed.), Raisin Production Manual (UC ANR Publication 3393); Winkler, Cook, Kliewer & Lider 1974, General Viticulture (University of California Press); Steduto, Hsiao, Fereres & Raes 2012, Crop yield response to water (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 66).

    Where else table and raisin grapes grows →

  21. Garlic

    Softneck (California Early, Silverskin)

    92Good fit

    Summers too hot

    Best variety: Softneck (California Early, Silverskin)

    Holding it back: Summers too hot: 86°F here, ideal 64–82°FSummers too hot: 30°C here, ideal 18–28°C

    Vegetable · Annual

    Why this score

    • Coldest-month average100

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at most 54°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at most 12°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 5°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -15°C

    • Warmest-month average67

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 64–82°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 18–28°C

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 16–39 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 400–1,000 mm

    Planted in autumn and harvested in early summer; cloves need weeks below ~50 °F to form bulbs (hardnecks more than softnecks).Planted in autumn and harvested in early summer; cloves need weeks below ~10 °C to form bulbs (hardnecks more than softnecks).

    Allium sativum. Sources: UC ANR: Garlic production in California; FAO ECOCROP: Allium sativum.

    Where else garlic grows →

  22. Kiwifruit

    90Good fit

    Too dry

    Holding it back: Too dry: 32 in here, ideal 39–79 inToo dry: 816 mm here, ideal 1,000–2,000 mm

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)100

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: at least 42 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 14°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -10°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 240 days

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 2,520 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 1,400 °C·days

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C83

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 30 days

    • Yearly rain54

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 39–79 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,000–2,000 mm

    Shoots are tender to spring frost; vines need shelter from wind.

    Actinidia deliciosa. Sources: Zespri / New Zealand kiwifruit growing guidance; FAO ECOCROP: Actinidia deliciosa.

    Where else kiwifruit grows →

  23. Saffron

    86Good fit

    Summers too hot

    Holding it back: Summers too hot: 86°F here, ideal 68–82°FSummers too hot: 30°C here, ideal 20–28°C

    Herb · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 1°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -17°C

    • Coldest-month average96

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: 30–50°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: -1 to 10°C

    • Warmest-month average60

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 68–82°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 20–28°C

    • Dry-season length100

      Here: 4 months · Ideal: at least 2 months

    • Yearly rain77

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 14–28 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 350–700 mm

    Corms rest through a hot, dry summer and flower in autumn. Wet summers rot them.

    Crocus sativus. Sources: Gresta et al. 2008, Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems (Agronomy for Sustainable Development); Kafi et al. 2006, Saffron (Crocus sativus): Production and Processing.

    Where else saffron grows →

  24. Maize (corn)

    84Good fit

    Too dry in the growing season · Plant in Mar

    Holding it back: Too dry in the growing season: 11 in here, ideal 16–35 inToo dry in the growing season: 268 mm here, ideal 400–900 mm

    Grain · Annual · Plant in March

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 6 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 69°F · Ideal: 64–86°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 18–30°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at least 50°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at least 10°C

    • Growing-season rain34

      Here: 11 in · Ideal: 16–35 inHere: 268 mm · Ideal: 400–900 mm

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 1,980 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 1,100 °C·days

    Hybrids are matched to season length by relative maturity. Heat over ~95 °F at silking hurts pollination.Hybrids are matched to season length by relative maturity. Heat over ~35 °C at silking hurts pollination.

    Zea mays. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Zea mays; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33 (Doorenbos & Kassam 1979, Yield response to water).

    Where else maize (corn) grows →

Worth a try (50–79) 4

  1. Sorghum

    78Marginal

    Too dry in the growing season · Plant in Aug

    Holding it back: Too dry in the growing season: 7.6 in here, ideal 12–28 inToo dry in the growing season: 194 mm here, ideal 300–700 mm

    Grain · Annual · Plant in August

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 5 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 76°F · Ideal: 72–91°FHere: 24°C · Ideal: 22–33°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)97

      Here: 53°F · Ideal: at least 54°FHere: 12°C · Ideal: at least 12°C

    • Growing-season rain29

      Here: 7.6 in · Ideal: 12–28 inHere: 194 mm · Ideal: 300–700 mm

    Handles heat and drought better than maize.

    Sorghum bicolor. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Sorghum bicolor; FAO Crop Water Information: sorghum.

    Where else sorghum grows →

  2. Apple

    Low-chill (Anna, Dorsett Golden)

    76Marginal

    Too much winter chill: blooms early into frost

    Best variety: Low-chill (Anna, Dorsett Golden)

    Holding it back: Too much winter chill: blooms early into frost: 43 portions here, ideal 12–30 portions

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)36

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: 12–30 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least -4°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -20°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 140 days

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 1,800 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 1,000 °C·days

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C80

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 30 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 26–51 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 650–1,300 mm

    Rootstock and variety set cold hardiness; the hardiest survive zone 3. Hot summers hurt colour and cause sunburn.

    Malus domestica. Sources: Luedeling 2012, Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review (Scientia Horticulturae); FAO ECOCROP: Malus domestica.

    Where else apple grows →

  3. Avocado

    Mexican-type (cold-hardy, e.g. Mexicola, Bacon)

    68Marginal

    Too many heat-stress days

    Best variety: Mexican-type (cold-hardy, e.g. Mexicola, Bacon)

    Holding it back: Too many heat-stress days: 42 days here, ideal at most 10 days

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 25°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -4°C

    • Average temperature100

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 61–75°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 16–24°C

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C20

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 10 days

    • Yearly rain69

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 39–71 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,000–1,800 mm

    Most commercial orchards are irrigated. Needs free-draining soil; root rot in waterlogged ground. Hot dry winds at flowering cut fruit set.

    Persea americana. Sources: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources: avocado production guidance; FAO ECOCROP: Persea americana.

    Where else avocado grows →

  4. Soybean

    62Marginal

    Too dry in the growing season · Plant in Mar

    Holding it back: Too dry in the growing season: 11 in here, ideal 18–35 inToo dry in the growing season: 268 mm here, ideal 450–900 mm

    Oilseed · Annual · Plant in March

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 6 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 69°F · Ideal: 68–86°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 20–30°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at least 50°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at least 10°C

    • Growing-season rain9

      Here: 11 in · Ideal: 18–35 inHere: 268 mm · Ideal: 450–900 mm

    Maturity groups are matched to latitude because flowering is triggered by shortening days.

    Glycine max. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Glycine max; FAO Crop Water Information: soybean.

    Where else soybean grows →
Won't grow here 15▸

  1. Cotton

    48Long shot

    Too dry in the growing season · Plant in Apr

    Holding it back: Too dry in the growing season: 10.0 in here, ideal 20–39 inToo dry in the growing season: 253 mm here, ideal 500–1,000 mm

    Fiber · Annual · Plant in April

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 3 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 78°F · Ideal: 72–90°FHere: 26°C · Ideal: 22–32°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 56°F · Ideal: at least 54°FHere: 13°C · Ideal: at least 12°C

    • Growing-season rain1

      Here: 10.0 in · Ideal: 20–39 inHere: 253 mm · Ideal: 500–1,000 mm

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 190 days

    Needs a long, hot season and dry weather when bolls open.

    Gossypium hirsutum. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Gossypium hirsutum; FAO Crop Water Information: cotton.

    Where else cotton grows →

  2. Sugarcane

    37Long shot

    Winters get too cold

    Holding it back: Winters get too cold: 28°F here, ideal at least 36°FWinters get too cold: -2°C here, ideal at least 2°C

    Sugar crop · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Average temperature64

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 72–86°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 22–30°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)12

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 36°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least 2°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 300 days

    • Yearly rain43

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 43–98 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,100–2,500 mm

    A cooler, drier spell before harvest raises sugar content. Often irrigated.

    Saccharum officinarum. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Saccharum officinarum; FAO Crop Water Information: sugarcane.

    Where else sugarcane grows →

  3. Banana

    0Won't grow

    Winters get too cold

    Ruled out. Winters get too cold: 28°F here, ideal at least 41°FWinters get too cold: -2°C here, ideal at least 5°C

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest-month average3

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at least 61°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at least 16°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)0

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 41°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least 5°C

    • Average temperature55

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 72–86°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 22–30°C

    • Yearly rain2

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 59–102 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,500–2,600 mm

    • Dry-season length33

      Here: 4 months · Ideal: at most 2 months

    Growth stops below ~57 °F; wind tears the leaves.Growth stops below ~14 °C; wind tears the leaves.

    Musa spp.. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Musa acuminata; FAO Crop Water Information: banana.

    Where else banana grows →

  4. Cacao

    0Won't grow

    Winters too cold

    Ruled out. Winters too cold: 50°F here, ideal at least 68°FWinters too cold: 10°C here, ideal at least 20°C

    Beverage · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest-month average0

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at least 68°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at least 20°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)0

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 50°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least 10°C

    • Average temperature5

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 75–84°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 24–29°C

    • Yearly rain0

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 59–98 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,500–2,500 mm

    • Dry-season length33

      Here: 4 months · Ideal: at most 2 months

    Humid lowland tropics, usually within 20° of the equator, ideally under shade trees.

    Theobroma cacao. Sources: Wood & Lass, Cocoa (Longman, 4th ed.); FAO ECOCROP: Theobroma cacao.

    Where else cacao grows →

  5. Cassava

    0Won't grow

    Winters get too cold

    Ruled out. Winters get too cold: 28°F here, ideal at least 41°FWinters get too cold: -2°C here, ideal at least 5°C

    Root crop · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Average temperature64

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 72–86°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 22–30°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)0

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 41°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least 5°C

    • Yearly rain63

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 39–79 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,000–2,000 mm

    Very drought tolerant once established; harvested 8–24 months after planting.

    Manihot esculenta. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Manihot esculenta; FAO 2013, Save and Grow: Cassava.

    Where else cassava grows →

  6. Coffee (arabica)

    0Won't grow

    Winters get too cold

    Ruled out. Winters get too cold: 28°F here, ideal at least 39°FWinters get too cold: -2°C here, ideal at least 4°C

    Beverage · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Average temperature100

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 64–72°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 18–22°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)0

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 39°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least 4°C

    • Yearly rain3

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 55–91 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,400–2,300 mm

    • Dry-season length100

      Here: 4 months · Ideal: at most 4 months

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C0

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 2 days

    A short dry season (2–3 months) helps flowering happen all at once. Above ~73 °F average, quality and yield fall; frost kills.A short dry season (2–3 months) helps flowering happen all at once. Above ~23 °C average, quality and yield fall; frost kills.

    Coffea arabica. Sources: DaMatta & Ramalho 2006, Impacts of drought and temperature stress on coffee physiology and production (Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology); FAO ECOCROP: Coffea arabica.

    Where else coffee (arabica) grows →

  7. Date palm

    0Won't grow

    No dry season

    Ruled out. No dry season: 4 months here, ideal at least 8 months

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Warmest-month average80

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 88–104°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 31–40°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 23°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -5°C

    • Yearly rain2

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: at least 59 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: at least 1,500 mm

    • Dry-season length0

      Here: 4 months · Ideal: at least 8 months

    Fruit only ripens with intense summer heat and a long dry season; rain and humidity at ripening spoil it. Never grown on rain alone: roots need groundwater or irrigation.

    Phoenix dactylifera. Sources: Zaid & de Wet 2002, Date Palm Cultivation (FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 156); FAO ECOCROP: Phoenix dactylifera.

    Where else date palm grows →

  8. Hops

    0Won't grow

    Summers too hot

    Ruled out. Summers too hot: 86°F here, ideal 63–75°FSummers too hot: 30°C here, ideal 17–24°C

    Herb · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Longest day70

      Here: 14.7 h · Ideal: at least 15.0 h

    • Coldest-month average30

      Here: 50°F · Ideal: at most 43°FHere: 10°C · Ideal: at most 6°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least -18°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -28°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 130 days

    • Warmest-month average0

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 63–75°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 17–24°C

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 20–39 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 500–1,000 mm

    Long summer days drive cone yield, which is why production clusters between 35° and 55° latitude. Needs a cold winter for dormancy.

    Humulus lupulus. Sources: Neve 1991, Hops (Chapman & Hall); FAO ECOCROP: Humulus lupulus.

    Where else hops grows →

  9. Macadamia

    0Won't grow

    Too many heat-stress days

    Ruled out. Too many heat-stress days: 42 days here, ideal at most 5 days

    Nut · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest night of the year (average)53

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 30°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -1°C

    • Average temperature100

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 64–77°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 18–25°C

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C0

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 5 days

    • Yearly rain23

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 47–98 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,200–2,500 mm

    Subtropical: best in frost-free, humid coastal climates. Strong winds break limbs.

    Macadamia integrifolia / M. tetraphylla. Sources: Hort Innovation / Australian Macadamia Society growing guides; FAO ECOCROP: Macadamia integrifolia.

    Where else macadamia grows →

  10. Mango

    0Won't grow

    Winters get too cold

    Ruled out. Winters get too cold: 28°F here, ideal at least 39°FWinters get too cold: -2°C here, ideal at least 4°C

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Coldest night of the year (average)0

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 39°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least 4°C

    • Average temperature30

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 73–86°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 23–30°C

    • Dry-season length100

      Here: 4 months · Ideal: at least 3 months

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 31–98 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 800–2,500 mm

    A dry or cool spell before flowering gives a good crop; rain at flowering brings anthracnose.

    Mangifera indica. Sources: Litz (ed.), The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses (CABI); FAO ECOCROP: Mangifera indica.

    Where else mango grows →

  11. Peanut

    0Won't grow

    Too dry in the growing season

    Ruled out. Too dry in the growing season: 6.8 in here, ideal 18–35 inToo dry in the growing season: 172 mm here, ideal 450–900 mm

    Oilseed · Annual

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 4 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 81°F · Ideal: 72–86°FHere: 27°C · Ideal: 22–30°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 63°F · Ideal: at least 57°FHere: 17°C · Ideal: at least 14°C

    • Growing-season rain0

      Here: 6.8 in · Ideal: 18–35 inHere: 172 mm · Ideal: 450–900 mm

    Needs warm, light soil for pods to develop underground.

    Arachis hypogaea. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Arachis hypogaea; FAO Crop Water Information: groundnut.

    Where else peanut grows →

  12. Pistachio

    0Won't grow

    Not enough winter chill

    Ruled out. Not enough winter chill: 43 portions here, ideal at least 58 portions

    Nut · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winter chill (9 winters in 10)0

      Here: 43 portions · Ideal: at least 58 portions

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 10°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -12°C

    • Warmest-month average100

      Here: 86°F · Ideal: 79–91°FHere: 30°C · Ideal: 26–33°C

    • Degree days above 50°FDegree days above 10°C100

      Here: 6,889 °F·days · Ideal: at least 4,860 °F·daysHere: 3,827 °C·days · Ideal: at least 2,700 °C·days

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 210 days

    • Yearly rain46

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 16–24 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 400–600 mm

    Needs both a real winter chill and a long, hot, dry summer; humidity brings fungal disease.

    Pistacia vera. Sources: Ferguson & Haviland (eds.), Pistachio Production Manual (UC ANR); FAO ECOCROP: Pistacia vera; Steduto, Hsiao, Fereres & Raes 2012, Crop yield response to water (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 66).

    Where else pistachio grows →

  13. Rice

    0Won't grow

    Too dry in the growing season

    Ruled out. Too dry in the growing season: 5.0 in here, ideal 28–79 inToo dry in the growing season: 126 mm here, ideal 700–2,000 mm

    Grain · Annual

    Why this score

    • Months it can be sown (frost-safe and warm enough)100

      Here: 5 months · Ideal: at least 1 month

    • Growing-season average100

      Here: 81°F · Ideal: 72–88°FHere: 27°C · Ideal: 22–31°C

    • Coldest growing-season night (monthly average)100

      Here: 63°F · Ideal: at least 59°FHere: 17°C · Ideal: at least 15°C

    • Growing-season rain0

      Here: 5.0 in · Ideal: 28–79 inHere: 126 mm · Ideal: 700–2,000 mm

    Paddy rice is usually flooded from irrigation or monsoon rain; nights below ~59 °F at flowering cause empty grains.Paddy rice is usually flooded from irrigation or monsoon rain; nights below ~15 °C at flowering cause empty grains.

    Oryza sativa. Sources: FAO ECOCROP: Oryza sativa; FAO Crop Water Information: rice.

    Where else rice grows →

  14. Tea

    China type (var. sinensis)

    0Won't grow

    Too dry

    Ruled out. Too dry: 32 in here, ideal 59–118 inToo dry: 816 mm here, ideal 1,500–3,000 mm

    Beverage · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Average temperature100

      Here: 68°F · Ideal: 61–77°FHere: 20°C · Ideal: 16–25°C

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 14°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -10°C

    • Yearly rain0

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 59–118 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 1,500–3,000 mm

    • Dry-season length33

      Here: 4 months · Ideal: at most 2 months

    • Days above 95°FDays above 35°C9

      Here: 42 days · Ideal: at most 10 days

    Needs acidic soil and steady rain; the finest teas come from cool highlands.

    Camellia sinensis. Sources: Carr 1972, The climatic requirements of the tea plant: a review (Experimental Agriculture); FAO ECOCROP: Camellia sinensis.

    Where else tea grows →

  15. Wine grapes

    Warm-climate reds (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah)

    0Won't grow

    Too hot for quality fruit

    Ruled out. Too hot for quality fruit: 5,890 °F·days here, ideal 2,610–3,510 °F·daysToo hot for quality fruit: 3,272 °C·days here, ideal 1,450–1,950 °C·days

    Fruit · Perennial

    Why this score

    • Winkler index (Apr–Oct degree days)0

      Here: 5,890 °F·days · Ideal: 2,610–3,510 °F·daysHere: 3,272 °C·days · Ideal: 1,450–1,950 °C·days

    • Coldest night of the year (average)100

      Here: 28°F · Ideal: at least 3°FHere: -2°C · Ideal: at least -16°C

    • Frost-free days100

      Here: 341 days · Ideal: at least 180 days

    • Yearly rain100

      Here: 32 in · Ideal: 20–35 inHere: 816 mm · Ideal: 500–900 mm

    Winkler regions run from I, under 2,500 °F·days, to V, over 4,000 °F·days (degree days above 50 °F, Apr–Oct). Wet summers mean mildew pressure.Winkler regions run from I, under 1,389 °C·days, to V, over 2,222 °C·days (degree days above 10 °C, Apr–Oct). Wet summers mean mildew pressure.

    Vitis vinifera. Sources: Amerine & Winkler 1944, Composition and quality of musts and wines of California grapes (Hilgardia); Jones et al. 2010, Spatial analysis of climate in winegrape growing regions in the western United States (American Journal of Enology and Viticulture); Steduto, Hsiao, Fereres & Raes 2012, Crop yield response to water (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 66).

    Where else wine grapes grows →

Get a full site report

Planning to plant or buy land? We're building detailed reports for Osmaniye: frost risk year by year, the right varieties and rootstocks, water needs, and how the climate is shifting by 2050.

We'll only use your email for the report and related updates.

How these scores work

Each crop has an ideal range and hard limits for things like winter cold, chill hours, summer heat and rain. A score of 100 means everything is in range; one hard limit crossed means 0. “Ideal” is a 100 with room to spare in every range, “Good fit” is 80 or more and “Marginal” 50–79. Annual crops are scored over their best growing season, which sets the planting month. Rainfed scores count rain only; irrigated scores assume you water when rain falls short. Pages open on irrigated where a year brings under 20 in500 mm of rain.

Climate comes from 1991–2020 monthly averages for the 4 km climate cell around the town. Frost dates, chill and hardiness zones are estimated from those averages by simulating daily weather, so check them against local records. Soil, slope and water rights matter as much as climate. Crop ranges from FAO ECOCROP and university extension guides (cited per crop).

Nearby towns

Climate data: TerraClimate 1991–2020 monthly averages (Abatzoglou, J.T. et al., 2018, Scientific Data 5:170191). Humidity is derived from TerraClimate vapor pressure; “sunshine” is solar radiation.

Places: GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). Map: © OpenStreetMap contributors, tiles by OpenFreeMap.

Grower tools: crop ranges from FAO ECOCROP and university extension guides (cited per crop). Daily weather, frost dates and chill are estimated from the monthly averages; chill portions use the Dynamic Model (Fishman, Erez & Couvillon, 1987), hardiness zones follow the USDA definition.